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The outrigger canoe (Taiwanese: ''Monga''; Filipino: ''bangka''; Indonesian: Jukung; New Zealand Māori: ''waka ama''; Cook Islands Maori: ''vaka''; Hawaiian: ''waa''; Tahitian and Samoan:''vaa'') is a type of canoe featuring one or more lateral support floats known as outriggers, which are fastened to one or both sides of the main hull. Smaller canoes often employ a single outrigger on the port side, while larger canoes may employ a single-outrigger, double-outrigger, or double-hull configuration (see also catamaran). The sailing canoes are an important part of the Polynesian heritage and are raced and sailed in Hawaii, Tahiti, Samoa and by the Māori of New Zealand. They are also very popular in Puerto Rico. Unlike a single-hulled canoe, an outrigger or double-hull canoe generates stability as a result of the distance between its hulls rather than due to the shape of each individual hull. As such, the hulls of outrigger or double-hull canoes are typically longer, narrower and more hydrodynamically efficient than those of single-hull canoes. Compared to other types of canoes, outrigger canoes can be quite fast, yet are also capable of being paddled and sailed in rougher water. This paddling technique, however, differs greatly from kayaking or rowing. The paddle, or blade, used by the paddler is single sided, with either a straight or a double-bend shaft. Despite the single paddle, an experienced paddler will only paddle on one side, using a technique such as a J-stroke to maintain heading and stability. The outrigger float is called the ''ama'' in many Polynesian and Micronesian languages. The spars connecting the ama to the main hull (or the two hulls in a double-hull canoe) are called ''iako'' in Hawaiian and ''kiato'' in Māori (with similar words in other Polynesian languages); in Micronesian languages, the term ''aka'' is used. ==History== Outrigger canoes were originally developed by the Austronesian-speaking peoples of the islands of Southeast Asia for sea travel. They were used to transport these peoples both eastward to Polynesia and New Zealand and westward across the Indian Ocean as far as Madagascar during the Austronesian migration period. While today they can be found in East Africa (e.g. the ''ungalawa'' of Tanzania), the Austronesian peoples (Filipino, Malay, Micronesian, Melanesian and Polynesian peoples) continue to be the primary users of the outrigger canoes also it became very popular in Puerto Rico. Outrigger fishing canoes are also used among certain non-Austronesian groups, such as the Sinhala in Sri Lanka, where they are known as ''oruwa'', as well as among some groups in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.〔Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt, ''Land of a Thousand Atolls: A Study of Marine Life in the Maldive and Nicobar Islands'', World Publishing Co., Cleveland and New York, 1964.〕 The ethnological significance of this spread has been studied by James Hornell. When Magellan's ships first encountered the Chamorros of the Mariana Islands in 1521, Antonio Pigafetta recorded that the Chamorros' sailboats far surpassed Magellan's in speed and maneuverability. The Polynesian Voyaging Society has two double-hull sailing canoes, ''Hokulea'' and ''Hawaiiloa'', and sails them between various islands in the Pacific using traditional Polynesian navigation methods without instruments. The ''Hikianalia'' and ''Alingano Maisu'' are other extant double-hulled voyaging canoes. The technology has persisted into the modern age. Outrigger canoes can be quite large fishing or transport vessels. In the Philippines, outrigger canoes (called ''bangka'', ''parao'' or ''balanghai'') are often fitted with petrol engines. The links between seafaring and outrigger canoes in the Philippines extend through to political life, in which the smallest political unit in the country is still called Barangay after the historical ''Balangay'' outrigger proas used in the original migrations of the first Austronesian peoples across the archipelago and beyond. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Outrigger canoe」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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